Therefore, the development policies then turned towards this transformation, seeking to generate and promote growth not only of those large cities, but also of the countryside. The economic transformation occurred from 1930 on was, given that, a fundamental point: from an agricultural, exporting Brazil to a country that seeks not only to widely industrialize, but also to become self-sufficient in the production of durable goods. ![]() In 20th century Brazil, the development of urban spaces was strictly connected to the country’s economic growth, one of the main objectives to be reached by its cities. In sum, it’s a paper that addresses the issue of revisionist and alternative planning models. Urban plans of more than one hundred houses were developed as well, but not built as planned and turns out that they weren’t mass-produced, contradicting the unilateral representation that linked standardization and military techniques with uniform mass production. Nonetheless, those ideas had different applications in the military housing practice in Brazil, because their planning were mostly characterized by small communities of around 1, 2 or 3 dozens of dwellings, that represents a different approach of planning. Due to the frame time this discussion has to consider the effects of the worldwide mobilization and defense expenditure because of the widespread idea of standardization and mass-production and the set of a new culture of planning and industrialization put into motion by the militaries in the USA, Brazil and elsewhere. It is relevant to highlight that this is not a comparison study with the US Army, even though they were under investigation, yet a case study about the history of the postwar military housing planning in Brazil. Among this conversation the question that rises is: what, in fact, were the principles and techniques adopted by the militaries to develop their residential areas? In addition, were those plans inspired by the cultural exchanges with the Americans and the wartime atmosphere of standardization and mass-production? In order to pursue this inquiring, this papers aims to discuss the military housing in Brazil by analyzing the blueprints designed between 19, in order to draw a postwar picture of the main characteristics of their urban design and planning process. Despite the presence of more than 19.000 units spread throughout the country, there is a lack of interest about the development of military housing. During the 1950s and 1960s the Brazilian Army designed a significant number of plans under a governmental rental program to dwell the military staff and their dependents into military housing, or vilas militares, which are groups of apartment blocks or individual houses. The militaries also faced institutional changes inspired by the closer relationship with the US Army, specially regarding the training and educational systems. As an outcome of their participation, the nation faced afterward some political and economical changes likewise the restoration of democracy and industrialization. ![]() ![]() Brazil, for instance, was an important supplier and also a strategic player in World War II, after joining the USA and the Allies. Since World War II was a globalized event, as Cohen (2011) has singled out, it didn’t affect only the countries directly involved, but also others, as the suppliers for raw and agricultural materials. They are pointing to the effects of the military planning methods and techniques such as standardization, mass-production, and prefabrication on the construction field techniques that were adopted on industrial buildings and also on the housing production for the American middle class in the suburbs during World War II and postwar period. Currently some scholars have been paying more attention to the relationship between architecture, planning and wartime.
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